结构：共有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为found和is。分号前后的两句话是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一个that指a general law。第二个that引导a general law的同位语从句。(so far as it goes)是插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。拆分为：
1) You found upon that a general law.
2) That all hard and green apples are sour.
3) And that is a perfect induction.
翻译：由此你发现了一条普遍规律，即所有又硬又青的苹果都是酸的。而且，迄今为止，这是一条不错的归纳。
 
12．It is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
结构：共有6个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为is和challenges。and连接两个并列主句。(everyone agrees)为插入语。第二个that引导the fact的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) It is a huge task.
2) The child performs the task.
3) When he learns to speak.
4) The fact challenges explanation.
5) That he does so in so short period of time.
翻译：每个人都同意，孩子学说话是件艰巨的任务，而且他们能在如此短时间内做到，确实需要好好解释一下。
 
13．Computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that  destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的为has grown。主干为Computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中间的(a phrase…programs)是插入语，虽然很长，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解释computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作为分词修饰a phrase。steal or modify records, or to release …software为并列结构。called a virus修饰software。
翻译：随着计算机通讯的发展，计算机犯罪已经在加速增长。计算机犯罪这个术语是指非法、秘密侵入数据库盗取或修改数据记录，或者在计算机网络上散布病毒软件来破坏数据和程序的行为。
 
14． Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为must face。主干为：Britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作为Britain的后置定语。(that is to say)是插入语，意为“也就是说”。 两个of介词短语都在修饰the problem。

翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。

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