SECTION IV
Time—35 minutes
27 Questions
Directions: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corn conding space on your answer sheet.
Musicoiogists concerned with the "London Pianoforte school," the group of composers, pedagogues, pianists, publishers, and builders who contributed to the development of the piano in London
(5) at the turn of the nineteenth century have long encountered a formidable obstacle in the general unavailability of music of this "school" in modern scholarly editions, Indeed, much of this repertory has more or less vanished from our historical
(10) consciousness. Granted, the sonatas and Gradus ad Parnassum of Muzio Clementi and the nocturnes of john Field have remained farniliar enough (though more often than not in editions lacking scholarly rigor), but the work of other leading representatives, like
(15) Johann Baptist Cramer and Jan Ladislav Dussek, has eluded serious attempts at revival.
Nicholas Temperley s ambitious new anthology decisively overcomes this deficiency. What underscores the intrinsic value of Temperley s editions
(20) is that the anthology reproduces nearly all of the original music in facsimile. Making available this cross section of English musical life—some 800 works by 49 composers—should encourage new critical perspectives about how piano music evolved in
(25) England, an issue of considerable relevance to our understanding of how piano music developed on the European continent, and of how, finally, the instrument was transformed from the fortepiano to what we know today as the piano.
(30) To be sure, the London Pianoforte school itself calls for review. "School" may well be too strong a word for what was arguably a group unified not so much by stylistic principles or aesthetic creed as by the geographical circumstance that they worked at
(35) various times in London and produced pianos and piano music for English pianos and English markets. Indeed, Temperley concedes that their "variety may be so 美国GREat as to cast doubt on the notion of a school. "
The notion of a school was first propounded by
(40) Alexander Ringer, who argued that laws of artistic survival forced the young, pro美国GREssive Beethoven to turn outside Austria for creative models, and that he found inspiration in a group of pianists connected with Clementi in London. Ringer s proposed London英语作文
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